![]() ![]() While wave intensity analysis is not the only method to characterise waves in the circulation, ( Westerhof et al., 2005 Caro et al., 2012) it has proved an increasingly valuable approach to understanding hemodynamics and wave propagation in the circulation, since it quantifies the intensity and energy carried by forward and backward-travelling waves, along with their timing. The EMR exposure induces reactive oxygen species and changes the fidelity of genes involved in signal transduction, cytoskeleton formation, and cellular metabolism.Blood pressure (BP) results almost entirely from waves generated by the heart the intensity of these arterial waves is an important measure of ventriculo-arterial function and their interaction. On the contrary, several other studies have demonstrated that exposure to EMR increases the frequency of micronuclei, chromosome aberrations, DNA adducts, DNA single and double strand breaks at the molecular level in vitro and in vivo. ![]() Numerous investigations revealed that exposure in the range of 0–300 GHz EMR is harmless as this did not increase micronuclei and chromosome aberrations. The review has been written by collecting the information using various search engines including google scholar, PubMed SciFinder, Science direct, EMF-portal, saferemr, and other websites on the internet and its main focus is on the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of EMR in humans and mammals. EMR including radiofrequency waves (RF) and extremely low frequency radiation (ELF) has generated great interest as their human exposure causes headache, fatigue, tinnitus, concentration problems, depression, memory loss, skin irritation, sleep disorders, nausea, cardiovascular effects, chest pain, immunity and hormonal disorders as the short-term effects and cancer as the late effect. The manmade EMR sources have added to the existing burden of natural EMR human exposure arising from the Sun, cosmos, atmospheric discharges, and thunderstorms. Electromagnetic field radiations (EMR) are an integral part of wireless technology, which are emitted by mobile phones, mobile towers, electric power stations, transmission lines, radars, microwave ovens, television sets, refrigerators, diagnostic/therapeutic and other electronic devices. The use of wireless communication technology in mobile phones has revolutionized modern telecommunication and mobile phones have become so popular that their number exceeds the global population. The findings ascertained the remote sensing capabilities to create new information about rice for Colombia conditions. K-means clustering was used to map rice biophysical changes across reproductive and ripening phases. A second exploration was carried out by combining Sentinel-2 data and ground-based information about rice disease incidence. Tested models yielded an overall accuracy of 71.8%, 71.2%, 60.9% and 94.7% for vegetative, reproductive, ripening and harvested categories. Analytics from validation showed that the algorithms were able to estimate rice phases with performances above 0.94 in f-1 score. ![]() Three machine learning approaches (random forest, support vector machine, and gra- dient boosting trees) were trained with multitemporal NDVI data. Two optical moderate-resolution missions were combined to detect growth phases. The relationship between rice phenology and reflectance metrics was explored at two levels: growth stages and biophysical modifications caused by diseases. This study attempts to implement a methodology aimed at mon- itoring rice phenology using optical satellite data. To cope with this challenge, studies have found practical applications on mapping rice through the use of remote sensing techniques. New sources of information are required to support rice production decisions. ![]()
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